A Selection of Quotes by Jomo Kenyatta

Jomo Kenyatta was an activist and politician in Kenya who led the country as Prime Minister in 1963 and then as President in 1964. He is credited for his part in turning Kenya into an independent republic. He died in office at the age of 81. Quotes If Africans were left in peace on their own lands, Europeans would have to offer them the benefits of white civilization in real earnest before they could obtain the African labor which they want so much. They would have to offer the African a way of life which was really superior to the one his fathers lived before, and a share in the prosperity given them by their command of science. They would have to let the African choose what parts of European culture could be beneficially transplanted, and how they could be adapted ... The African is conditioned, by cultural and social institutions of centuries, to freedom of which Europe has a little conception, and it is not in his nature to accept serfdom forever. Europeans assume that, given the right knowledge and ideas, personal relations can be left largely to take care of themselves, and this is perhaps the most fundamental difference in outlook between Africans and Europeans. You and I must work together to develop our country, to get education for our children, to have doctors, to build roads, to improve or provide all day-to-day essentials. To .. all the dispossessed youth of Africa: for the perpetuation of communion with ancestral spirits through the fight for African freedom, and in the firm faith that the dead, the living, and the unborn will unite to rebuild the destroyed shrines. Our children may learn about the heroes of the past. Our task is to make ourselves the architects of the future. Where there has been racial hatred, it must be ended. Where there has been tribal animosity, it will be finished. Let us not dwell upon the bitterness of the past. I would rather look to the future, to the good new Kenya, not to the bad old days. If we can create this sense of national direction and identity, we shall have gone a long way to solving our economic problems. Many people may think that now there is Uhuru, now I can see the sun of Freedom shining, richness will pour down like manna from Heaven. I tell you there will be nothing from Heaven. We must all work hard, with our hands, to save ourselves from poverty, ignorance, and disease. If we respect ourselves and our Uhuru, foreign investment will pour in and we will prosper. We do not want to oust the Europeans from this country. But what we demand is to be treated like the white races. If we are to live here in peace and happiness, racial discrimination must be abolished. God said this is our land, land in which we flourish as people... we want our cattle to get fat on our land so that our children grow up in prosperity; and we do not want the fat removed to feed others.

Amaxophobia Definition and Symptoms - 1141 Words

Amaxophobia Definition: An irrational and exaggerated fear of riding in a vehicle or being in one.1 Amaxophobia is the fear of riding in a car. The origin of the word amaxo is Greek (meaning vehicle) and phobia is Greek (meaning fear).2 Amaxophobia is a persistent, abnormal, and unwarranted fear of walking, despite conscious understanding by the phobic individual and reassurance by others that there is no danger. An extreme unwarranted fear and/ or physical aversion to walking.3 Causes: It is generally accepted that phobias arise from a combination of external events (traumatic events) and internal predisposition (heredity or genetic). Many specific phobias can be traced back to a specific triggering event, usually a traumatic†¦show more content†¦Develop fear hierarchy. You and your therapist create a list of scenarios involving your fear, each more intense than the last. Exposure. You begin exposing yourself to the items on the list, starting with the least frightening situation. You start to realize that panic lessens within a few minutes of encountering your fear. Building. As you become comfortable at each stage, you move on to increasingly difficult situations. Why We Don’t Like Exposure Therapy Going through fearful situation after fearful situation is cruel and unnecessary, we believe Self-Help Self-help really means do-it-yourself and could be anything from choosing a home study program to extreme exposure therapy. There’s no single self-help solution – but there is a philosphy we think is helpful: taking resposibility for your own cure, whatever method you choose. Why We Offer Self Help Whatever anybody says the truth is that you are the only person who can cure your amaxophobia. Any cure – that is any solution that eliminates the problem, rather than just masking it or making it better, by definition involves breaking the mental ties between walking and your flight-or-fight responses. Talk Therapy There’s different kinds of talk and of course the effectiveness of any therapy is critically dependent on who you are working with. Generally though the process is slow and often the results are poor, because as dedicated and skilled as most psychiatrists are, their training does not

Accounting Software used in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Software used in Australia. Answer: Introduction The accounting software concept is considered under Accounting Information System and is defined as computer software that is employed in order to record and process all the accounting transactions in the attainable modules such as accounts receivables modules, trial balance modules, payroll modules, accounts payable modules and general-purpose module for preparing financial report. Boulianne (2014) stated that accounting software can be generated in-house by the companies or can be purchased by the third-party software developer. These researchers also revealed that accounting packages or software is different relied on cost and difficulty. In the recent business world, packaged accounting software is not just restricted to processing and developing important financial data but also offers functional models those can be employed for the process of managerial decision that can result in the company gaining a competitive advantage. Contractor et al. (2015) indicated that the accounting software in Australia has accepted a considerable transformation over several years because of significant technological advancement. The current literature review intends to review the current accounting software literature along with packages in Australia that is relied on their historical advancement, challenges, use along with adaptability by means of using the examples of several business accounting conducts from reviewing reliable scholarly journals, books, articles and conferences (im?nek et al. 2016). Moreover, literature review intends to investigate the recent market size, leaders along with competitive advantages because of implementation of efficient accounting software or packages within Australia. The recent challenges and gaps revealed within the present search might be employed for developing significant recommendations for future advancements in the accenting packages and software. Concept of Accounting Software/ Packages According to Kaefer et al. (2015) origin of accounting, software facilitated all its users for storing and access certain structured information from certain identical databases from computers. The organizations initiated to invest more in the advancement of proprietary accounting systems developed for particular requirements for the jobs were accomplished in batches. As computers developed its capability, ideas to advance common generalized accounting systems along with flexible functionalities turned out to be feasible with the emergence of SAP RF. This dealt with a huge range of business operations for prompt financial decision-making processes with fewer intermediaries (Boulianne 2014). Kyng et al. (2013) revealed that Peachtree accounting system was introduced to simplify data stores with the objective of facilitating users to gain excessive value. For instance, it was gathered that Peachtree introduced its initial and highly integrated office suite with the word processor and spreadsheet. Moreover, Olasolo et al. (2016) revealed that Intuit presented Quicken product in the year 1983 that presented a fresh dimension of accounting applications along with suitable user interface. In addition, Teleware introduced an efficient accounting package that attained attention of the most efficient software. In the next few years, an Australian publisher of Teleware product acquired by the organization, Teleware transformed its name to MYOB Limited (im?nek et al. 2016). Evidence of Research According to Palmer (2013) implementation of accounting, software in Australia is taking place at a rapid rate. These researchers also stated that Xero, a New Zealand Accounting software organization, carried out a research that encompassed 1,622 small businesses that revealed that Australian small companies always remains ahead in implementation of accounting software systems in comparison to other nations. im?nek et al. (2016) indicated that many Australian businesses are considering implementation of accounting software systems for decreasing hectic paperwork that is generally characterized by errors of commission and omission, expensive and time consuming. In contrast, Tickle et al. (2014) stated that accounting processes initiates with numerous ledgers, purchase ledger, sales ledger, petty cash ledger and cashbook along with the trail balance and adjusting entries and finally the financial reports. Manual accounting encompasses huge paperwork and bookkeepers. The accounting soft ware system is deemed as quick and easy to use as it needs just inputs in order to specific reports and accounts those are automatically generated. The efficiency and effectiveness of the Australian accounting software serves as important factors those results in their implementation by increasing number of Australian businesses. Yelland et al. (2015) revealed that competition is becoming fierce in Australian accounting software market. Huge number of consumers for accounting software in Australia is medium as well as small Australian businesses. The largest players in the market of Australian accounting software encompass Xero, MYOB and Intuit. Such companies have considered the accounting software within cloud computing. Xero has attained largest share of accounting software market within Australia that totally focuses on employing cloud accounting software. Australian companies offer superior accounting software for medium and small size businesses. im?nek et al. (2016) identified that the software companies in Australia has discovered gaps in users of computer accounting software. Australian small and medium companies were facing challenges, as their departments are not some autonomous units. Accounting departments are known for gathering, maintaining and processing accounting books from several departmen ts because of duplication and incompatible formats. According to Palmer (2013), for such reasons several companies in Australia considers utilization of cloud accounting software for its integrative capabilities. In contrast, Contractor et al. (2015) stated that Xero accounting software employs software as service model (SaaS) that offers free API for the third party vendors along with consumers for integrating several applications on a particular unified ledger within the cloud. SaaS is known to have the capacity to offer users with applications that operates on a cloud structure and operated by means of thin user interface namely simple web browser. Olasolo et al. (2016) identified that cloud computing has changed the structure of IT through revealing highly effective cost effectiveness, innovation, efficient time-to-market along with scale to demand. Moreover, lack of the security serves as a major concern for its users within cloud computing software. Along with several security measures like the firewalls, users do not tend to feel secured of the un-authorized access by the foreign parties. The reason for such concern is that cloud comparing remains devoid of security standards along with cloud providers those employ their own proprietary security standards along with technologies. Contractor et al. (2015) stated that there are increased risks of cyber crimes for the information assets linked with cloud computing. In dealing with such challenges of cloud accounting software, an Identify Management Measures (IDM) for conducting services, and users authentication relied on credentials and characteristics. Information-based security serves as an extended approach for controlling security and data within cloud computing. Such data requires being describing in the computing surrounding. By means of trusted computing structure, information-based security is attainable. In contrast, Olasolo et al. (2016) explained that along with such security measures, future software of cloud accounting might serve as most versatile system for attaining competitive edge, information security , and efficiency along with cost effectiveness. Research Gap Previous research has failed to explain that accounting software has attained a remarkable development history after the computer language invention that ranges from simple programs to difficult computing systems (im?nek et al. 2016). The recent research will bridge a gap through explaining that Australia has three largest accounting software providers that competes within the market supported by highly growing small and medium size organizations. The research will also explain that Xero, Intuit and MYOB have attained a strong hold over Australian accounting software market through integrating account software within cloud as a manner to solve issues associated with accounting software in the desktop. Moreover, there are several security threat issues associated with cloud computing (Hyvnen 2013). Certain strategies to deal with security threat facing cloud computing encompass information-based security, predicate cryptography and authentication measures. Conclusion The recent paper offered a literature review on the use of the accounting software and packages in Australian companies. In the recent business world, packaged accounting software is not just restricted to processing and developing important financial data but also offers functional models. These can be employed for the process of managerial decision that can result in the company gaining a competitive advantage. As computers developed its capability, ideas to advance common generalized accounting systems along with flexible functionalities turned out to be feasible with the emergence of SAP RF. This dealt with a huge range of business operations for prompt financial decision-making processes with fewer intermediaries. Software companies in Australia have discovered gaps in users of computer accounting software. Australian small and medium companies were facing challenges, as their departments are not some autonomous units. Accounting departments are known for gathering, maintaining and processing accounting books from several departments because of duplication and incompatible formats. The current literature review intends to review the current accounting software literature along with packages in Australia that is relied on their historical advancement, challenges, use along with adaptability by means of using the examples of several business accounting conducts from reviewing reliable scholarly journals, books, articles and conferences. References Boulianne, E., 2014. Impact of accounting software utilization on students' knowledge acquisition: An important change in accounting education.Journal of Accounting Organizational Change,10(1), pp.22-48. Contractor, S., Alexander, L.V., Donat, M.G. and Herold, N., 2015. How Well Do Gridded Datasets of Observed Daily Precipitation Compare over Australia?.Advances in Meteorology,2015. Hyvnen, T., 2013. ICT systems and cost management.The Routledge Companion to Cost Management, p.56. Kaefer, F., Roper, J. and Sinha, P., 2015, May. A software-assisted qualitative content analysis of news articles: Example and reflections. InForum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research(Vol. 16, No. 2). Kyng, T., Tickle, L. and Wood, L., 2013. Academics perceptions of the use and relevance of software in quantitative and financial disciplines.International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology,44(2), pp.214-231. Olasolo, P., Jurez, M.C., Olasolo, J., Morales, M.P. and Valdani, D., 2016. Economic analysis of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). A review of software packages for estimating and simulating costs.Applied Thermal Engineering,104, pp.647-658. Palmer, P.D., 2013. Exploring attitudes to financial reporting in the Australian not?for?profit sector.Accounting Finance,53(1), pp.217-241. im?nek, J., van Genuchten, M.T. and ejna, M., 2016. Recent developments and applications of the HYDRUS computer software packages.Vadose Zone Journal,15(7). Tickle, L., Kyng, T. and Wood, L.N., 2014. The role of universities in preparing graduates to use software in the financial services workplace.International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology,45(2), pp.200-213. Yelland, L.N., Sullivan, T.R. and Makrides, M., 2015. Accounting for multiple births in randomised trials: a systematic review.Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition,100(2), pp.F116-F120. Accounting Software used in Australia Question: Discuss about theAccounting Software used in Australia. Answer: Introduction The accounting software systems are used in a wide range of business process and it facilitates in easy handling of the files and invoice of the organization. There are different accounting softwares available in the Australian market the literature review is done on the Intuit QuickBooks accounting softwares (QuickBooks and Premiere 2013). There are different issues faced by the business organization in implementing the accounting software package in their business. The enterprise may face problem regarding the management and running the accounting software system, they might need skilled employees to handle the software and put information in it (Horne 2013). A literature review is done on the chosen accounting software system i.e. Intuit QuickBooks used in Australia. The QuickBooks software is mainly targeted for the small and the medium sized business and it is marketed by Intuit and thus it is called Intuit QuickBooks. It has gained a major part of the Australian market and is discussed in the literature review. The external consultant of the small scale business organizations play an important role for the managing the QuickBooks accounting software system. History In the year 1983 Scott Cook and Tom Proulx founded the Intuit in USA, California (QuickBooks and Premiere 2013). The Quicken software was built under this company and it had a great success for managing the small business finance (Campbell 2012). The quicken software has limited functionality like it does not support double entry and it could run only on DOS platform. It required not much training and a user with little knowledge in computer can use the software efficiently (Lambert and Bee 2015). But the software did not meet the expectation of the professional accountant and it had poor security. In the end of the year 2000 Intuit developed the software and resolved all the problems of the previous version (Long 2013). From then onwards it has been updated several times and the functionality of the software and the usability has increased. Development and Adoption Intuit QuickBooks offers various services like remote accessibility, online banking, mapping with the integration of Google map, email functionality etc. It was developed keeping in mind the requirement of the business organization. The Quickbook was developed with the integration of several applications into the accounting framework such that it can cover a wide range of business activities (Biafore 2013). The developer team worked on the development of the system implementing the capabilities of managing the payroll system, outsourcing, implementing e-payment for easy transaction in the business and tracking the income of the business. Implementing Google map in the system the functionality of QuickBooks increased the business organization can track the supplier and the employees in the organization (Zhang et al. 2016). The software was made portable such that it can work on different platforms. The development team added some features like importing data from excel and help option s that increased the usability of the software. It was created such that the users can access the system from any remote location (Hossack 2015). The users can login into the system via the web browser and it allows third-party applications to build a custom system for managing their business. The users can also use their phones to login into the system. The QuickBooks was accepted in the Australian market in the year 2014, it had 624,000 online subscribers using the Online QuickBooks (Curtis and Averis 2014). There are many competitors of QuickBooks like Xero, MYOB, etc. The online version of the QuickBooks is different with limited functionality from the static desktop version. The QuickBooks can be adopted by the system to track the expense, income and profits of the business. It can also send invoices and quotation from any remote locations. The bank transactions can be tracked and other online data can be accessed (Wilson 2013). It can also manage the payment of the employee and bills of the suppliers and it can also add authentication on the user accessibility and restrict the number of users accessing it. Quick Books have 1020 million users worldwide and it is the appropriate software for managing a small scale business process (Biafore 2013). Identification of the Leaders in Accounting Software Market The accounting software used in different Australian business sector is being disseminated in three bookkeeping programming bundles such as, MYOB, XERO and Intuit QuickBooks. Among the three accounting software packages the XERO application can be used in all industries irrespective of its volume (Ashby et al. 2014). XERO is the most noticeably utilized programming bundle utilized as a part of Australian subcontinent with 63% of the aggregate business sector scope. Then again, MYOB and Intuit QuickBooks spread 15% and 22 % separately. These information change for medium scale business venture as 25% business sector scope by Intuit QuickBooks and 43% by MYOB (QuickBooks and Premiere 2013). In substantial scale business sector CA, VAR and SAP are used for the development. Figure 1: Different accounting softwares in Australia (Source: QuickBooks and Premiere 2013) Competitive Advantage of Intuit QuickBooks over Accounting Software The Intuit QuickBooks is the best application for managing the small scale business. It has a simplified user interface that does not require much knowledge of the users. The Inuit QuickBooks is designed to automatically track the business inventory and automate the business process (Altman et al. 2013). Moreover remote accessibility is provided to the user where the users can work from multiple locations. These elements of Intuit QuickBooks have helped it to increase upper hand over it contenders. The majority of the bookkeeping programming does not give office of cloud administration. The user interface of the Intuit QuickBooks programming is basic and simple to utilize programming arrangement. Its simple setup procedure and upkeep of client access has made the product application get an edge over the other accounting softwares (Zhang et al. 2016). They shape granular access for supplying and addressing the requirements of clients. The user interface has been given numerous easy routes and more prominent precision for managing the accounts of the organization. The Intuit QuickBooks helps in lessening the operational and money related costs of the organization (Wilson 2013). Thus the majority of the associations and organizations use Intuit QuickBooks for managing the financial statement and other accounts of the organization. Identifying the Gaps and Challenges of the Intuit Application The real difficulties confronted by Intuit QuickBooks are security and rivalry from the adversary organizations. The security of the Intuit QuickBooks is of well engineering and outlined with numerous efforts to establish safety. In any case, the greater part of the association does not use the security gave by Intuit QuickBooks, as it is excessive (Curtis and Averis 2014). Aside from cost calculate, the security of the Intuit QuickBooks is not easy to understand for learner clients. It requires prepared and propel level of comprehension of the application. The Intuit QuickBooks likewise confronts challenges from its adversary organizations. The bookkeeping programming of Xero and MYOB go about as a danger for addition of business sector by Intuit QuickBooks (Hossack 2015). These adversary organizations cause impact on the successful clients of Intuit QuickBooks by giving them their administrations. Recommendations There are some problems associated with the Intuit QuickBooks and the developers must resolve the problems in order to have a competitive advantage over the other companies providing the same accounting software package. The accompanying is a few proposals that clients of Intuit QuickBooks can use for enhancing their budgetary and bookkeeping operations. Improvement of the Security: There is an inbuilt security system in the Intuit QuickBooks software the developer team must work for analysing the risk associated with the security. The data of the customer must be secured against any unauthorised access. Improvement of online services: Intuit QuickBooks has an objective of accomplishing 2 million clients that can be accomplished if Intuit QuickBooks would enhance their online administrations. Different components for facilitating the online administrations must be added to the product application. Analysing other leading companies: The business process of the other competitors is needed to be analysed and a report should be made on the analysed company. The factors affecting the company to take a lead should be noted and analysed that if QuickBooks can deploy such techniques to take the lead. Conclusion Intuit QuickBooks comprises of numerous capacities and components that has assisted the bookkeeping programming with gaining name and popularity in the business sector. It has offered incredible open doors for little and medium scale business associations to build up their bookkeeping framework. Intuit QuickBooks has additionally given the component of advancement charging and online administrations. Notwithstanding, Intuit QuickBooks has extended its operations with giving remote access to the information base utilizing the cloud framework and expanding the exactness of the framework. The time taken for working the application is additionally less when contrasted with other programming utilization of same level. The Intuit QuickBooks can accomplish its objective of business sector catch by expanding the online administrations of the application. References Altman, E.J., Nagle, F. and Tushman, M., 2013.Technology and Innovation Management. Oxford Bibliographies in Management. New York: Oxford University Press. Ashby, H.Y., Hardy, E.C.P. and Mickens, E.S.E., 2014. Small Businesses, Big Opportunities. Biafore, B., 2013.QuickBooks 2014: The Missing Manual: The Official Intuit Guide to QuickBooks 2014. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Campbell, J., 2012.Intuit QuickBooks Enterprise Edition 12.0 Cookbook for Experts. Packt Publishing Ltd. Curtis, V. and Averis, L., 2014.Bookkeeping For Dummies-Australia/NZ. John Wiley Sons. Horne, J., 2013.QuickBooks Pro 2013: A Complete Course. Prentice Hall Press. Hossack, S., 2015. Cloud-based accounting and productivity tools for practitioners and taxpayers.Taxation in Australia,50(5), p.265. Lambert, S.L. and Bee, S., 2015. Assembly FG: An Education Case Study Using QuickBooks as the AIS for a Small Manufacturing Business.AIS Educator Journal,10(1), pp.26-31. Long, S., 2013.Chase MasterCard QuickPort for Small Business. GRIN Verlag. QuickBooks, I. and Premiere, C., 2013. Accounting Software Supported: Accounting Software Version MISys Manufacturing Version.Sage,6, pp.0-7. Wilson, K.N., 2013. Technology Expectations of CPA Firms: Hiring and the Accounting Curriculum. Zhang, Z., Nan, G., Li, M. and Tan, Y., 2016. To Lead or to Follow? Market Entry and Pricing Strategies for Saas Provider.Market Entry and Pricing Strategies for Saas Provider (June 7, 2016).

On November 6, 1817 Princess Charlotte, The Only Heir To The Crown Of

On November 6, 1817 Princess Charlotte, the only heir to the crown of England died. She was the only child of the Prince Regent and was not a happy women. She was married off to prince of Orange at the age or 17, but broke off the marriage after falling in love with Prince Augustus of Prussia. He was already married but she was unaware and she continued seeing him. After a long time of Prince Leopold of Saxe-Cobury admiring her, Princess Charlotte gave him a chance and finally they were married in 1816. Later she got pregnant and for nine months of doctors told her that she was not in good health to have the baby on November 5, 1817 at nine o'clock in the evening after a 50 hour labor, Princess Charlotte delivered a dead baby boy. That night she was obviously dying. The Prince was in her room for hours and left for but a moment when a doctor came out and told him his wife was dead. After many controversies between the royal family about who was to become the heir to the crown there was a female infant born in Kensington Palace in London on May 24, 1819. Born Alexandrina Victoria to Victoria Mary Louisa, daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Cobury-Saalfeld, and Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and Strathern, the fourth son of George III and youngest brother of George IV and William IV, both kings of Great Britain. In January of 1920 the Duke a Kent remembered a prophecy that a fortune teller told him. The fortune teller said two members of the royal family would die. The Duke of Kent never would have thought one of the two members would be him and the other would be his father George III. The Duke of Kent caught a cold and inflammation of lungs occurred and he died on January 22 and then six days later his father's long, unhappy life was ended. Victoria called Drina by her family was raised in Kensington Palace and was very spoiled she was idolized by her mother's ladies and despite her mother's strictness about her being spoiled, she had everything she cloud have wanted. At the age of five, Fraulein Lehzen came who was the previous governess of Princess Feodoram she helped Drina learn her letters and she acted like an angel unlike before the arrival of Fraulein Lehzen when she was naughty and violent. In 1830 Victoria was told that she was to become heir to the British crown upon the accession of William IV. This was to occur because William IV had no legitimate children therefore his niece was to become queen. In 1833 a few days before Victoria's eighteenth birthday and the date of her legal majority the king fell very ill. He recovered and the Princess had her birthday festivities which was a stale ball and a drawing room suddenly. Shortly later the King collapsed due to extreme weakness and everyone knew his death was close at hand. On, June 18, the King fell very ill and two days later early in the morning on June 20, 1837 the King saw his final sunset and Princess Victoria had become Queen Victoria. The Queen was very unknown to her subjects. At her public addresses her mother usually spoke. Once the public started to know her they realized that she was the contrast of her selfish and ridiculous uncles. Within a month of her rule she moved the royal household from Kensington to Buckingham Palace. She moved her mother into an entirely different section of the palace than hers. Then she had a bedroom for Baroness Lehzen placed right next to hers. Lord Melbourne was Prime Minister of England for three years. He taught Queen Victoria much about the government because she was led a sheltered life and knew nothing about the government and its working. He taught her about the government, told her how to relate to the people, and advised her on Acts and Bills to be passed. She gained a clear grasp of constitutional principles and the scope of her own prerogative. After six months of her depending completely on him their was an election for the nest Prime

Socio

Socio Introduction This assignment is a discussion on the topic of giftedness and talent development. The discussion explores the topic by defining giftedness and how it’s related to talent. It archives this through looking at the socio- affective characteristics and personalogical development of the gifted child, and how they interact to assist or hinder the development of talents by the gifted children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socio- Affective Characteristics and Personalogical Development of the Gifted Child specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the assignment therefore, the argument is that both socio- affective characteristics and personalogical development of the gifted child may have positive or negative effects on the gifted child, depending on how the parents, teachers and guardians respond to his or her needs. Those children, whose giftedness is properly nurtured, are able to develop the relevant ski lls and vice versa. The discussion is based on Francoys Gange’s model of giftedness as well as on various other readings. Discussion.  The Gifted Child Many scholars have for some time been grappling with the question of who really is a gifted child. Giftedness has usually been confused with talent, with some scholars like Joseph S. Renzulli, and Robert Sternberg using both giftedness and talent as synonyms (Rensuli, Smith, White, Callahan, Hartman, 1976). Some of the pioneers of the field of giftedness in education include Terman and Hollingworth. These two are believed to have been the first to notice the remarkable differences between the gifted individuals and the general population (Hollingworth, 1926). After the pioneer work by the above scholars in mid 1920s, other scholars like Tannenbaum Witty, Benbow and Stanely took the discussion on the topic a notch higher by establishing the differences between the gifted individuals and the general population in terms of apt itudes, temperament, family backgrounds and ability levels (Witty, 1930) and (Benbow Stanley, 1983). In recent years after the works of these scholars, psychologists developed some scales to measure and rate these characteristics in an attempt to quantify the most prominent behavioural indicators of giftedness.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As recent as 2000, Francoys Gange developed what was referred to as Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT) which is also referred to as the developmental theory. In the theory, Francoys Gange argues that giftedness is a pre-requisite of talent development and therefore a person may not become talented without being gifted in the first place. However, according to him, a person may just retain his or her giftedness without developing a talent but the reverse is not true (Gange, n.d). In DMGT, giftedness is simply defined a s a natural ability which is not necessarily innate, but has some genetic linkages. However, scholars are yet to unravel the mystery of the linkage of giftedness to genetics. Giftedness may also refer to an above average intellectual ability among the peers as well as a high cognitive ability than that of the peers. Talent on the other hand is defined as skills, competencies and expertise acquired through the process of learning. Talent may or may not emanate from giftedness; with talent emanating from giftedness being more versatile than the one emanating from normal learning. Talent may also refer to various forms of excellence like in technology, sports or arts. In the words of Francoys Gange giftedness and talent may be differentiated as follows; ‘GIFTEDNESS designates the possession and use of outstanding natural abilities, called aptitudes, in at least one ability domain, to a degree that places an individual at least among the top 10% of age peers’ (Gange, 2005. pp. 98-119). ‘TALENT designates the outstanding mastery of systematically developed abilities, called competencies(knowledge and skills), in at least one field of human activity to a degree that places an individual at least among the top 10% of age peers who are or have been active in that field’ (Gange, 2005. pp. 98-119).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Socio- Affective Characteristics and Personalogical Development of the Gifted Child specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Francoys Gange goes ahead to conclude that as, I quote, ‘talent development corresponds to the progressive transformation of gifts into talents. According to the DMGT theory, talent development constitutes of five components namely gift, talent, talent development, intrapersonal and the environment catalysts designated as G, T, D,I and E respectively. The interaction of these five components may either assist or hinder the transfor mation of giftedness into talent(s). In the following section, I will discuss in brief these five components of talent development (Gange, 1998. pp.87–95). Components of Talent Development The gift (G) component This component constitutes of other six sub components namely the creative (GC), intellectual (GI), social (GS), perceptual (GP), motor control reflexes (GR) and muscular (GM) abilities. According to Francoys Gange, these natural abilities may be observed in children as they perform various tasks like understanding mathematical concepts, reading and learning a foreign language, speaking, composing a song or a poem, writing a story, social abilities in interactions as well as physical and perceptual abilities like dancing, doing crafts and sculpture work (Gange, 2003.pp.60-74). Francoys Gange argues that these gifts manifest themselves in young children mainly because at that age, systematic learning is usually absent. It therefore follows that the more the children ar e exposed to systematic learning, the more these gifts are transformed into various talents during adulthood (Van Tassel- Baska, 1983. pp.139-144). The Talents (T) Component The World-of-Work classification of occupations classifies talents into nine sub-components, six of which are based on John Hollands well-known Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) classification of personality, with the other three namely games, academic (K-12) subjects, and sports serving as complements of the other six in RIASEC. In DMGT, most of these talents are easily measured using various scales like exams, standardized achievements as well as various assessments in various occupations and fields of excellence. In the DMGT model, there is no room for elitism, which attributes talent development on learning, education and qualifications, but rather, a presence of giftedness and talents in many individuals in the general population (Sternberg, 2004. pp.79-95). Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Talent Development Process (D) Component This process is believed to begin as soon as an individual, either a child, an adult or an adolescent enters a systematic talent oriented development program mostly through the process of identification. This component is composed of other the sub- components namely progress (DP), activities (DA), and investment (DI). The main components of talent development activities include the curriculum offered in a specific format (DAF) and specific content (DAC). The learning environment or format may either be structured, for example in school or unstructured, also known as autodidactic learning. In the DMGT model, the development of a talent takes place in a gradual and progressive manner, moving from novice, advanced, proficient and expert (Colangelo Davis, 2003). During this process, which is mostly a longitudinal one, the teacher or coach is able to note the peak of the talentee during various activities or occasions like death of a loved on e, manifestation of love and excellent performance in various fields by the talentee which becomes outstanding and unique. Talentees may also be unique in the manner in which they spend their money, time and psychological energies, with most of them recording outstanding and unique approaches to these issues (Gange, 1999.pp.109-136). Intrapersonal (I) component This component is also referred to as the intrapersonal catalyst and constitutes of two other sub-components namely the physical and mental traits and the goal oriented process. The physical traits include things like race, ethnicity and chronic illness while the mental traits include things like personality and temperament. These traits, both physical and mental may positively or negatively impact on the individual’s ability to develop talents from natural giftedness (Heller Kurt, 2000.pp.67-79). The goal oriented process constitutes of three other sub-components namely motivation (IM), awareness (IW), and volition ( IV). Awareness of their personal strengths and weaknesses enables the talentees to adequately plan the development of goal identification activities. The talentees are also motivated by the achievement of some goals, which makes them specialize on such areas thus developing specific talents. Failure in some areas leads to less interest and lowered motivation in those fields, thus a low probability in developing talents in those areas (Gross, 2004). The Environmental (E) component This component is also referred to as environmental catalyst and constitutes of three other sub-components namely the individuals (EI), milieu (EM), and provisions (EP). EI sub-component constitutes the talentees’ social environment, and more so, the influence of the significant others like siblings, parents, teachers, public figures, mentors, and trainers as well as peers on the taletees. The actions of these significant others may influence the talent development by the gifted individuals either po sitively or negatively (Gange, 2003.pp.60-74). The EM constitutes of physical, social and economic environments in which the gifted individual find himself or herself in. Physical environment may include things like climate and the nature of the neighbourhood which may be either a rural or an urban setting. The social environment may involve things like the social and cultural environment of the general population in the place where the gifted child grows in while the economic aspect may include things like the financial status of the parents and family of the gifted child (Gange, 2003.pp.60-74). EP sub-component constitutes the talent development programs and services and is sub-divided into two sub-categories namely administration and enrichment , with enrichment referring to some specific talent development curriculum while administrative provision referring to the part time or full time grouping, grade skipping, early enrolment in schools as well as the advanced placement progra ms (Gange, 2003.pp.60-74). Chance Apart from these five components of the development process, psychologists have identified another component referred to as chance and the role it plays in the development process. According to Francoys Gange, chance ‘represents the degree of control that talentees have over environmental influences’. According to John William Atkinson, chance becomes relevant in the DMGT model in that we are not able to control the backgrounds in which we are born as well as our genetic make-up, yet, these two greatly influence the G and I components in the DMGT model. Chance therefore plays an important role in talent development because giftedness is influenced by genetic makeup, as well as the social, cultural, physical and economic backgrounds in which we find ourselves in (Gange, 2003.pp.60-74). After discussing the talent development process, I will now turn to the socio- affective characteristics and personalogical development of the gifted chil dren and how they influence their talent development. I would like to mention at the outset that giftedness is a natural ability, which may positively or negatively affect the gifted individual depending on the environment in which he or she grows in (Gange, 2003.pp.60-74). Many scholars in gifted education have argued that gifted children have special needs, which must be addressed so as to enable their natural abilities to be transformed into useful talents, as well as mitigate any negative effects of their giftedness. Many countries, led by the United States seem to have recognized the needs of the gifted children, and have thus established specialized schools and training for the gifted children with a view of nurturing their natural abilities so as to transform them into very useful talents. These countries also believe that there are many gifted children and if well nurtured, their natural abilities may be transformed into excellent talents which may put them well ahead of oth er countries in various fields like technology, commerce, sports and the fight against crime (Mills Jackson, 1990. pp. 410-422). Before discussing the characteristics, I would like to point out some of the issues which must be born in mind when discussing these characteristics. One of them is that it is not all gifted children who will portray these characteristics, meaning that some will exhibit specific characteristics but not others. It is also important to bear in mind that these characteristics are developmental, meaning that some children may show them as early as during childhood while others may show them during later stages of development. Also important to note is that some of these characteristics only appear when the gifted children are engaged in an aptitude or some areas of interest (McMillen, Eckert Little, n.d). The Characteristics of Gifted Children and How They Assist or Hinder Talent Development Preference of independent work Many gifted children prefer working alone in many activities, even those which require partnership with other children. This may be attributed to their ability to manage their issues properly without any assistance. It shows their exceptional ability to come up with appropriate solutions to problems or challenges as well as their ability to think abstractly, so as to come up with solutions to many challenges which may need group efforts to solve (Neither,Reis,Robinson Moon, 2002). This characteristic may affect the child in a positive manner in that if the child is assisted and guided by a mentor or instructor, he or she becomes motivated to come up with solutions to his or her personal problems, thus becoming an independent minded person. Such nurturance may also lead to enhanced creativity, which is a pre-requisite of innovation. When they are left to work in groups, this may inhibit their ability to think independently and come up with new and independent ideas. It may also inhibit their reasoning by the fear of a ppearing too exceptional among their peers (Silverman, 1993). If gifted children are not properly nurtured, they may develop antisocial behaviour, which may lead to their isolation by their peers. This is because their ability to develop and carry on with the unique behaviour of working alone may lower their self-esteem through perceiving themselves as abnormal instead of exceptional to others. There is therefore the need for care givers to motivate the gifted children to be more independent by informing them that they are not being deviant, but rather, are doing very constructive and important work for themselves and the society at large (Cox, Daniel Boston, 1985). Multiple interests Gifted children are unique in that they are able to have multiple interests at the same time unlike the other children who usually have their interests in a prioritized manner. This is attributed to their high cognitive abilities, which enables them to have the energy to pursue and concentrate in seve ral areas of interest at the same time. In situations where the gifted children are given the opportunity to explore various aspects of life, they are able to develop and master multiple talents. On the other hand, the lack of enabling environment for exploration may lead to frustration of the children, which may in turn lead to slowed development in their various aspects of life. Emotional intensity Usually, children are not supposed to have emotions like love, grieve or embarrassment. In contrast, gifted children portray emotional intensity at very early ages in life. They are able to have emotional feelings triggered by death or the absence of something which they adore. Their emotional sensitivity makes them suitable for theatre activities which is itself a talent. However, if other children realize that they are overly sensitive to various emotions, this may become a problem because the other children, out of ignorance would often disturb the gifted children by evoking such emo tions in them, which may hinder the development of the respective talents in them due to lack of the enabling environment to do so. Perfectionism Many gifted children are overly concerned about being perfect in everything instead of being excellent. They like to be perfect in academics, social life as well as in their decision making. They feel very angry when they make a mistake no matter how slight it might be. This tendency may be a resource especially because it makes the child work hard so as to be perfect. This may result in his or her excellence in various fields which in turn develops into various skills and talents. However, perfectionism may lead to anxiety and fear of failing to accomplish what they want in the way they want it. This may in turn lead to developmental challenges among the gifted children in that it leads to a feeling of guilt, which interferes with their maximum development. The gifted children therefore need to be nurtured and made to understand that whil e it is a virtue to work hard, it is good to understand that it is unrealistic for them to be perfect in everything they do, and therefore, the goal of being perfect should be replaced with the goal of achieving excellence. This can go to great lengths in transforming their hard work into useful talents in their areas of interests. Altruism and idealism Gifted children have strong passion in helping and working for others at early ages in life. They are very interested in helping their parents and friends as well as peers. They also like doing volunteer work in hospitals or in various humanitarian organizations or initiatives. This rather puzzling passion forms a basis for a career in various humanitarian fields like advocacy, charity work, philanthropy and diplomacy. However, if the goals of the parents and significant others are not compatible with those of the gifted child; they may not be collaborative and supportive to the child. Similarly, in social cultural environments which do not embrace altruism and idealism, the child may inhibit such a talent and may as well develop the opposite, thus becoming rebellious, cruel and in extreme cases, a sadist. Good sense of humour Many gifted children are able to play around with their social environment, using words, gestures or actions which transform a painful or tense situation to a friendly and humorous one, thus defusing any tension either within themselves or in others. This ability comes from their natural ability to understand various situations and their opposites, thus able to construct jokes, talks and actions which echo the painful or harmful situation, but in an opposite or less painful or harmful version. This ability, if well nurtured, especially in environment which encourages theatre and comic satires may help the gifted children excel in theatre work. However, if the socio cultural environment does not embrace humour, the child may not develop this particular talent. The other negative side of a good sense of humour is that it can sometimes lead to more developmental problems, especially if the child uses it to cover up his or her developmental challenges or weird personality traits. This is because the weird personality traits or developmental challenges are camouflaged, and continues to build up without being discovered as early as possible, so that the necessary steps are taken to deal with it. Strong attachments and commitments Many gifted children usually form more intense friendships and attachments to people who are order than them than with their peers. This may be attributed mainly to their natural ability to emulate others and excel in various fields or areas of interest. They are also overly committed to their work, more so during adulthood. This characteristic is useful for them, especially if they grow in environments which value mentorship of young children by their older counter parts. If assisted to attach themselves to people who are respectable and who hav e excelled in career or in some talents, the gifted children may develop good talents at their adulthood. However, in environments where there are few or no good role models to emulate, gifted children may end up emulating or attaching themselves to people with poor and undesirable characteristics, thus acquiring and perfecting bad behaviours, morals and values. The power of concentration Many gifted children display an exceptional ability to concentrate and an ability to deal with a specific problem for a long time than their peers. If they are given an ample time to concentrate without inference, they are able to excel in that specific field(s), be it science, mathematics or technology, which may form a strong foundation for their future career in those areas of interest. However, if disrupted or denied the time to learn how to concentrate at early age, this may hinder their later excellence in these areas of interests. Ability to generate original ideas The gifted child is able t o come up with original ideas, which are free from any external influence either alone or in partnership with others. The ideas may be in one field, like in technology or in multiple areas, like in technology, mathematics or social studies. This ability is useful in that it may lead to the specialization of the child in a single or multiple fields. However, there is the need for the parents, teachers and siblings to support the child psychologically so as to reinforce the ability to generate these ideas. If the gifted child grows in an environment where nobody seems to recognize his or her ability, this may compromise his or her abilities to excel in these areas of interests in future life. Conclusion In conclusion, this discussion has explored the topic of giftedness and talent. It has emerged that giftedness leads to the development of various talents. The talent development process has also been discussed whereby it has emerged that it is composed of five main components namely g iftedness, talent, talent development process, intrapersonal and environmental catalysts. Various characteristics of giftedness have also been discussed and how they interact with the socio cultural environment to either assist or hinder the development of talents by gifted children. What has emerged in all the characteristics is that giftedness is not a guarantee of talent development, but rather, it can lead to the acquisition of good or bad talents depending on the manner in which the gifted child is brought up and whether giftedness is nurtured so as to develop into the respective talent(s). If gifted children are left alone without guidance and nurturance, their natural abilities may be reduced to burdens to themselves or to the society, but if they are properly nurtured, such natural abilities may be tapped and transformed into useful skills and talents, which can help many countries in their development. It is for these reasons that many countries have established specialized schools and trainings for gifted children, so as to identify various natural abilities at the very early ages, and nurture them into useful talents through giving the gifted children the necessary motivation and setting the necessary learning environment for them to fully develop such talents. However, research is still going on in order to identify relationship between genetics and giftedness so as to adequately understand the needs of the gifted children in order to reap the maximum talents from them (Terman,1925). References Benbow , C.P Stanley J.(1983). Academic precocity. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press. Colangelo,N Davis, G.A.(2003).Handbook of gifted education (3rd Ed.). Baltimore, MD: Allyn and Bacon. Cox, J., Daniel, N., Boston, B.O. (1985).Education Able Leaners. Programs and learning practices. Austin: University of Texas Press. Gange, F. (1998). A proposal for subcategories within the gifted or talented populations. Gifted Child Quarterly, 42, pp.87â€⠀œ95. Gange, F. (1999). My Convictions about the Nature of Abilities, Gifts, and Talents. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1999, pp. 109-136. Gange, F. (2003). Transforming gifts into talents: The DMGT as a developmental theory. In N. Colangelo G. A. Davis(Eds.), Handbook of gifted education (3rd Ed.), pp. 60-74. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Gange, F. (2005). From gifts to talents: The DMGT as a developmental model. In R. J. Sternberg and J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (2nd Ed.), pp. 98-119. New York: Cambridge University Press. Gange, F. (n.d). The differentiated model of giftedness and talent (DMGT). In J. S. Renzulli, E. J. Gubbins, K. Gross,M.U.M.(2004). Exceptionally gifted children (2nd Ed.) New York, NY: Routledge. Heller Kurt. (2000). (ed.): International Handbook of Giftedness and Talent (2nd Ed). Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd, pp. 67-79. Hollingworth, l. (1926).Gifted Children. New York: World Press. McMillen, R. D., Eckert, Little. C. A. (n.d). (Eds.). Systems and models for developing programs for the gifted and talented (2nd Ed.). Mansfield Centre, CT: Creative Learning Press. Mills ,J.R Jackson, N.E.(1990).Predictive Significance of Early Giftedness. The Case of Precocious Reading.Journal of educational psychology, 83(2), pp.410-422. Neither,M.,Reis,S.M.,Robinson,N.M Moon,S.M.(2002).The social and emotional development of gifted children ;What do we know ?Waco, Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association. Rensuli, J.S., Smith, L.H., White, A.J., Callahan, C.M Hartman, R.K.(1976).Scales For The Rating of Behavioural Characteristics of superior students. Mansfield centre CT: Creative learning press. Silverman,L.K.(1993). Counselling the gifted and talented.Denver: Love publishing Sternberg, R. J.(2004) (ed.): Definitions and Conceptions of Giftedness. Thousand Oaks:Corwin Press,pp. 79-95. Terman L. (1925).Genetics Studies of Genius (Vol. 1).Stanford CA: Stanford University Press. Van Tassel- Baska, J. (1983). The 1982 Midwest talent search finalists. Gifted child quarterly 27(3) 139-144. Witty, P. (1930). A study of one hundred gifted children. Lawrence, KS: Bureau of school service and research.

Analysis of gene research papers

Analysis of gene research papers Source: Ledford, H. (2017, March 07). CRISPR: gene editing is just the beginning. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://www.nature.com/news/crispr-gene-editing-is-just-the-beginning-1.19510 CRISPR has signaled a new age for molecular biologists, and non-profits like Addgene are on top of it all. Addgene has become the place where scientists deposit their tools while also turning to them in search of molecular tools. CRISPR now resembles something novel for researchers all around the world: Specificity – the ability to do exactly what they want and just what they want. The CRISPR tool can be used in many ways to suit the needs of the researcher. A common technique being used it to observe the effect of a change in the genetic code (particular genes) on the cell. This allows for a deeper understanding of metabolic pathways and effects of proteins and genes. The CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR Cas9) is the enzyme which is in widespread use in laboratories. Researchers from Stanford University modified the Cas9 to just inhibit the gene, and not cutting the gene (as it would normally). The brilliancy of CRISPR is the fact that it itself has been modified and we can attach molecules that affect the epigenetics of the cell, that can be induced by specific stimuli and we can attach molecules that can even stimulate the expression of a particular gene. The ability of this tool to modify the epigenome with high specificity has massive implications as the epigenome has been linked to issues like cancer and neurological disorders. Lastly, CRISPR has had a major positive impact on the economical side of research by reducing both the time taken and cost of experiments considerably. For instance, CRISPR has enabled researchers to do what previously took a year in just a month! Article 2: Source: Larson, C. Schaffer A. (2016, October 04). New Tools for Editing the Genome Could Radically Change the Study of Human Diseases. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/526511/genome-editing/ Genetic editing using the CRISPR-Cas method is revolutionizing the world and has transformed the scenario of many labs throughout the world. It now provides a cheap and highly precise method of gene editing. CRISPR is a tool born from the collaboration between scientists from varied backgrounds pursuing a common goal. Recent research in China has proven the possibility of genetically edited macaques and this is a stepping stone towards â€Å"designer babies†. The introduction of ethical dilemmas due to the advent of this technology is an inevitable repercussion of any powerful tool. However, the success of the aforementioned experiment seeks to showcase the importance of primate models in research. Primate models have also been useful in understanding genetic diseases and mutations and CRISPR now allows researchers to identify these mutations and find gene therapies to it. Article 3: Source: Kiefer, J., Yin, H. H., Que, Q. Q., Mousses, S. (2009). High-throughput siRNA screening as a method of perturbation of biological systems and identification of targeted pathways coupled with compound screening. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597791 There are two ways to screen cells containing the CRISPR Cas9 nucleases that knockout specific genes: pooled format and arrayed format. In arrayed screening, the cells and other molecules are arranged in multi well plates (96 wells, 384 wells, or 1536 wells) and the cells that are placed in each of the wells are transfected or virally transduced individually (on a well to well basis). The wells are imaged and then the readout is based upon measurements of those images based on different parameters. In the pooled format, the reagents are synthesized in a pool and are then virally transduced into the cell. Viral transduction ensures that generally only one change to the cell occurs and the integration of the virus can be read through polymerase chain reactions and next-generation screening. The readout of the experiment is based on the abundance of the integrated transgene between samples (in positive selection groups, control groups, and negative selection groups). Article 4: Source: Phillips, T. (2016, October 14). What Is siRNA and How Is It Used to Attack Protein Cells in the Body? Retrieved July 05, 2017, from https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-sirna-and-how-is-it-used-375598 RNA interference (RNAi) is the usage of small interfering RNA (siRNA) that bind to the messenger RNA (mRNA) for specific proteins and cause their degradation hence inhibiting protein synthesis. The siRNA uses a combination of endonuclease and exonuclease enzymes to bring about the degradation of the mRNA. The problem with siRNA is that it can be rejected by the cell and may trigger immune responses. Also, RNAi is known to give false hits and can have an impact on multiple metabolic pathways/mRNAs and cause an unspecific, unwanted, and unknown knockout. However, this method is still very useful in stabilizing serums, enhancing the activity of cells and is also being used in designing therapies for genetic diseases. Article 5: Source: Tan, J., Martin, S. E. (2016, December 28). Validation of Synthetic CRISPR Reagents as a Tool for Arrayed Functional Genomic Screening. Retrieved July 05, 2017, from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0168968 The research conducted by Tan, J. and Martin, S. E. proves that the viral transfection based CRISPR Cas9 method can be used in the arrayed format by comparing the results of various different techniques and finding conclusive evidence that the results obtained from the arrayed format screening of the cells is similar to that obtained from using the pooled format and RNAi method. They tested their results based on the assay for aberrant DNA replication. Their findings show that the majority of the transfected cells showed a change in phenotype within 72 hours and also that high throughput gene editing and screening of the cells produced data (known DNA replication regulators ) that was comparable to that obtained from siRNA gene knockdown. Lastly, their findings also show that CRISPR screening gave less false hits, i.e. it was more accurate than siRNA screens performed in parallel.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 99

Case Study Example Resistance is likely, as was the case of Cisco, and unless an organization has an effective leader who can initiate and influence implementation of the organizational structure, emulation is likely to fail. The organizational structure allows for exchange of ideas among employees and executives and therefore offers opportunities for developments into competitive advantage. Product differentiation and low cost products are some of the advantages that the organizational structure may initiate. Innovation into new â€Å"product design,† product reengineering, â€Å"product innovation,† and new operational procedures for cost effectiveness are some the strategies to competitive advantages that the organizational structure aids (Lamb, Hair, and McDaniel 41). Development of models for product differentiation and niche definition are other positive effects of the innovative environment, which the organizational structure facilitate, and aid competitive advantage. With its organizational structure, Cisco is likely to attract team players as employees. Such type of employees demonstrates qualities such as reliability, communication skills, proactive, cooperative, committed, respectful, and supportive (Brounstein n.p.). This prediction does not bode well with the future, as the new generation of workers prefers independence in